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This lowers the size of the average transaction in such nodes' view, thus increasing the block size without incurring the hard fork signaled by other suggestions for block size increases. Thus, per computer scientist Jochen Hoenicke, the true block capacity depends on the ratio of SegWit transactions in the block, and on the ratio of signature information.

According to Hoenicke, if native SegWit addresses from Bitcoin Core version 0.16.0 are utilized, and SegWit adoption reaches 90% to 95%, a block size of up to 1.8 megabytes is possible.citation needed.

Satoshi Nakamoto said in his white newspaper that:"The root problem with conventional currencies is all of the trust thats required to make it work. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the background of fiat currencies is full of breaches of that trust. "123

According to the European Central Bank, the decentralization of money offered by bitcoin has its theoretical roots in the Austrian school of economics, especially with Friedrich von Hayek in his publication Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined,124 in which he advocates a full free market in the production, distribution and management of money to end the monopoly of central banks.125:22.

According to The New York Times, both libertarians and anarchists were attracted to the idea. Early bitcoin supporter Roger Ver said:"At first, nearly everyone who got involved did so for philosophical reasons. We watched bitcoin as a fantastic concept, as a way to separate money from your state. "123 The Economist describes bitcoin as"a techno-anarchist project to create an online version of money, a means for people to transact with no prospect of interference from malicious governments or banks".126.

Nigel Dodd argues in The Social Life of Bitcoin that the essence of the bitcoin ideology is to eliminate money from societal, as well as governmental, control.128 Dodd estimates a YouTube video, with Roger Ver, Jeff Berwick, Charlie Shrem, Andreas Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Trace Meyer and other proponents of bitcoin reading The Declaration of Bitcoin's Independence.

Bitcoin undermines governments and disrupts institutions because bitcoin is fundamentally humanitarian. "128127.

David Golumbia says the notions influencing bitcoin advocates emerge from right-wing extremist movements such as the Liberty Lobby and the John Birch Society and their anti-Central Bank rhetoric, or, more recently, Ron Paul see it here and Tea Party-style libertarianism.129 Steve Bannon, that owns a"good bet" in bitcoin, considers it to be"disruptive populism.

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It is revolutionary. "130.

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However, researchers looking to uncover the reasons for interest in bitcoin did not find evidence in Google search data this has been linked to libertarianism.131

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Bitcoin is a digital asset designed to operate in peer-to-peer transactions as a currency.5132 Bitcoins have three qualities useful in a currency, according to The Economist in January 2015: they are"difficult to earn, limited in supply and easy to confirm".133 But as of 2015update bitcoin functions more as a payment processor than as a currency.13431.

Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account.135 According to The Economist in 2014, bitcoin functions best as a medium of exchange.135 But this can be debated,136 and a 2018 assessment by The Economist found that cryptocurrencies fulfilled none of these 3 standards.126.

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According to study from Cambridge University, between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users used a cryptocurrency wallet in 2017, most of these for bitcoin. The number of consumers has grown significantly since 2013, when there were 300,000 about 1.3 million users.12

The overwhelming majority of bitcoin transactions take place on a cryptocurrency exchange, rather than being used in transactions with merchants.137 Delays processing payments throughout the blockchain of about ten minutes make bitcoin use very difficult in a retail setting. Prices are not typically quoted in units of bitcoin and many trades involve one, or sometimes two, conversions into conventional currencies.31 Merchants that do accept bitcoin payments can employ payment service providers to perform the conversions.138.

In 2017 and 2018 bitcoin's acceptance among leading online retailers included only three of the best 500 U.S. online merchantsdown from five in 2016.137 Reasons for this decline include high transaction fees because of bitcoin's scalability issues and long transaction times.139

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Bloomberg reported that the largest 17 crypto merchant-processing providers handled $69 million in June 2018, down from $411 million in September 2017. Bitcoin is"not really usable" for retail transactions due to high prices and the inability to process chargebacks, according to Nicholas Weaver, a researcher quoted by Bloomberg. High price volatility and transaction fees make paying for small retail purchases with bitcoin impractical, according to economist Kim Grauer.